So, the tube was evacuated so that pressure of different gasses could be adjusted. The electrical discharge through the gasses could be observed only at very low pressures and at very high voltages. Both the electrodes are connected to the high voltage generator. Out of these two electrodes one electrode (or one metal piece) has many holes in it which acts as a cathode while another electrode acts as anode. The point of difference was the perforated cathode used in Goldstein’s canal ray experiment.Īpparatus - Canal ray experiment apparatus consists of a tube (known as anode rays discharge tube) which is made of glass containing two thin pieces of metal, called electrodes, sealed in it. Goldstein used almost the same discharge tube as the cathode ray discharge tube used for discovery of electrons. Canal Ray Experiment: Discovery of Protons Let us investigate the discovery of protons through a detailed explanation of the Canal Ray Experiment performed by Goldstein. In this experiment he discovered positively charged rays which he named ‘canal rays’. Then in 1886, German physicist Eugen Goldstein carried out a modified cathode ray tube experiment in which he used electric discharge in a modified discharge tube with perforated cathode. Although it was disproved by various other discoveries and experiments later but set a fundamental base for discovery of various subatomic particles. He called these hydrogen atoms ‘protyles’. English chemist William Prout gave Prout’s hypothesis in 1815 in which he proposed that all atoms are composed of hydrogen atoms. Proton was found at the early stages of the investigations of atomic structure. Although the mass of a proton is almost equal to the mass of a neutron.
As we know the mass of an electron is 9.1 x 10 -28 so the mass of a proton is 1836 times the mass of an electron. The mass of the proton is 1.67 x 10 -24 gram or 1.67 x 10 -27 kg. The subatomic particles protons and neutrons are together known as nucleons. It was 1 st used by Ernest Rutherford in 1920. The word Proton is a Greek word which means ‘First’. Thus, protons have equal and opposite charge of electrons. It possesses +1e (or 1.60 x 10 -19 coulomb) positive electric charge. That is why protons are also denoted as H +. As we know that a hydrogen atom consists of one proton and one electron, so on removing the electron from the hydrogen atom a proton is produced. Protons are positively charged fundamental subatomic particles of atoms. In this article, we will discuss the discovery of protons in detail but before that you need to know what protons and their fundamental properties are. Protons and neutrons are found in the nucleus of the atom while electrons are found in the orbits around the nucleus. An atom consists of three subatomic particles which are – Protons, Neutrons and Electrons.
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